From The Moses Speese Family Story by Ava Speese Day (1912-1988)

"From early years, Berwyn was a part of the vocabulary of everyone who took a ride or hoped to ride on the CB&Q Railroad. When my dad, Charles Speese, came home from Omaha each fall after taking cattle, horses and mules to market, he would name the towns he had traveled through and we kids looked in the geography to see where he had been. A look at the map showed that Grandpa Moses Speese lived closer to Berwyn than to Broken Bow, so he probably did his trading at the nearest town. This meant less work for men as well as for yesterdays' horses.

Three of these black families included Grandpa and two of his brothers. They came to Custer County and lived on farms situated between Berwyn and Westerville, north-east of Berwyn. When the railroad arrived up Muddy Creek Valley in August, 1886, the business men there moved their firms south seven miles to Ansley, the new railroad town. Consequently these black families traded frequently and transacted much of their business in Berwyn, their nearest shopping center. Then too, the fact that Berwyn had a good grain market as well as active hog and cattle buyers drew considerable business and contributed to Berwyn being a trading center.

The children were enrolled in various schools near the Westerville area, at times as many as firty were in attendance. They were for the most part, a religious group.

… in 1882 … Moses Speese went to Westerville, and on October 11, filed on the southwest quarter Section 30, Township 17, Range 18, Custer County. In 1883, he filed on the northeast quarter of the same section. The children attended school with the McEwen boys, the Cannons, Leeches, and others. Moses lived to see his children take direction in life, Henry becoming a minister, John, a lawyer and Rad, a very successful teacher of music. All played the piano and the violin. Church was very much a part of their family life and continued to be so in the lives of all.

Grandpa Moses Speese, who died when my father, Charles Speese, was 15 years old, is buried at the top of the hill of the Westerville cemetery. The three foot high headstone reads: Moses, husband of Susan Speese; died March 29, 1896. Aged 58 years. Across the bottom is the word FATHER. Next to him is buried his brother, Jeramiah Shores and his wife, Rachel Shores. She served as mid-wife to many Custer County babies, mostly her way was a chicken or two, some eggs or vegetables.

Moses's wife, Susan Speese, is buried in Westerville cemetery."

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The Speese and Shores families lived in Custer County when famed photographer Solomon Butcher posed the families and took now iconic pictures of the groups in front of their sod houses.

Article at left from The Custer County Chief, Broken Bow, NE, 28 Feb 1908

"...They are colored people, but..."

In February 1908, the Custer County Chief (NE) reported a reluctant farewell to Charles Speese and his family (see article above). Six weeks later, the Torrington Telegram (WY) "warned" its readers that "colored people" were buying the "old Snyder ranch." 

The article on the left appeared in the Torrington Telegram on Thursday, April 16, 1908. This is the community the Speese, Shores, and Taylor families migrated to upon leaving Nebraska. These black homesteaders dreamed of building an empire for themselves and future generations.

The dream of a home called Empire lasted little more than a decade. By late summer 1920, the Empire post office closed. There were many contributing factors to the failure of Empire, but some believe that the death of Baseman Taylor in 1913 was a contributing factor.

When Mr. Taylor's behavior became unstable, his family asked authorities to declare him incompetent. He went peacefully when the Goshen County sheriff came for him. Before taking him to a hospital, officers shackled Mr. Taylor's hands and feet to a bed and tortured him for three days. Baseman Taylor died at the hands of the sheriff on November 6, 1913. His death foreshadowed the death of a dream.

Learn more about the community these related families formed in the Nebraska State Historical Society's article by Todd Guenther, "The Empire Builders, An African American Odyssey in Nebraska and Wyoming," Nebraska History 89 (2008): 176-200, found at:

 https://history.nebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/doc_publications_NH2008Empire_Builders.pdf

"In March 1925, we left the Sand Hills for Pierre, S. Dak." 

                                              Lena and Ava Speese Day, Our Sod House Memories

Charles and Rose Meehan Speese left Nebraska for South Dakota in 1925, settling in Okobojo, also known as the Sully County Colored Colony. There, they met the family of William and Octavia McGruder Day. Lena Speese married George Day in 1929, followed by the 1931 marriage of Lena's sister, Ava, to George's brother, Lou.

https://www.pbs.org/video/vanished-south-dakota-okobojo-zv6wgr/?fbclid=IwAR2mXz4q35Rzsw71uK0n0K7jXv6s5f_o25ax-2TaC23Pg5QL6_AtjqnbXCg

Chicago was and is the home of several Anderson and Freeman descendants. 

Pictured upper left is Osborne Singleton, son of Rachel Freeman, and Livas Thomas, Son of Mary Freeman. Osborne and his brother Oliver lived in Chicago for many years. Their cousin, Livas, lived in Wheaton. Their brother, Frank Johns, lived in Maywood, Oak Park, and Chicago, and their sister, Mary Harvey, married Samuel Hatcher. Many of Samuel and Mary's descendants still live in Chicago.

I found Thomas Smith, son of Addison and Mary Anderson Smith and Hester's first cousin, pictured lower right in Bill Meehan's 1930s address book. The research found several of Hester's Smith cousins left Ontario for Detroit and Chicago. 

On the Canadian border and only fifty-odd miles from Chatham, Ontario, Detroit drew many whose families left the United States for Canada in the early to mid-nineteenth century. The facts surrounding each decision to settle in Detroit differed; the proximity to family members who remained in Canada certainly provided added incentive.

When Maurice and Gertie Meehan Brown left Maywood, they resettled permanently in Detroit, with several of their children settling in surrounding Detroit communities. Detroit was an easy commute to reach the many Brown family members in the Chatham area.

Anderson family descendant, Tom Smith, lived in Detroit before moving to Chicago. His brother, Dr. Garret Smith, received his doctor's degree from the Detroit College of Medicine in 1910. His 1949 obituary read, "With the passing of Dr. Smith, Rondeau lost one of the most successful sons of one of its most illustrious pioneers, the late Addison Smith, the first colored settler at the Eau."  (Newspaper obituary from the collection of Terry Lynn Murphy.)

John Leroy Thomas, son of Arthur and Mary Freeman Thomas and Hester Freeman Meehan's nephew, lived for some time in Montana. On 22 December 1917, he married Bertha Terry in Lewistown, Fergus County, Montana. The picture on the lower left, taken in Butte City, could be Bertha Terry. 

The image of Livas "Joseph" Anderson, center left, measures nine and a half by thirteen inches and is printed on linen paper with his eyes lined in ink within a dove grey cardboard folio stamped with the words Napa, California. It is beautiful! But there is no evidence that the man in the picture ever returned to the United States. How did his image come to be reproduced in California?

Ava Speese Day's 1977 Christmas Letter included a brief passage about Hester Freeman Meehan's brother, Robert. She wrote that "Mom's uncle Robert Freeman used to live in Fresno. We never heard any more from or about him after a big flood hit there about 1924." It is possible that Robert had the old tintype reproduced, but Fresno is about 200 miles from Napa Valley, so the search continued for someone closer to Napa Valley.

The answer came in 2017 when Family Search added newly digitized California Transcription records. Hester's nephew, Solon Pericles Thomas, pictured center with Livas, died in Napa on December 5, 1926, at 48. Records indicate that Solon was only in Napa for a few years. Still, during that time it is possible that he commissioned the preservation of the image of Livas, the oldest known Anderson ancestor.